Line data Source code
1 : use std::time::SystemTime;
2 :
3 : use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
4 : use consumption_metrics::{Event, EventChunk, IdempotencyKey, CHUNK_SIZE};
5 : use remote_storage::{GenericRemoteStorage, RemotePath};
6 : use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
7 : use tokio_util::sync::CancellationToken;
8 : use tracing::Instrument;
9 :
10 : use super::{metrics::Name, Cache, MetricsKey, RawMetric};
11 : use utils::id::{TenantId, TimelineId};
12 :
13 : /// How the metrics from pageserver are identified.
14 540 : #[derive(serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq)]
15 : struct Ids {
16 : pub(super) tenant_id: TenantId,
17 : #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
18 : pub(super) timeline_id: Option<TimelineId>,
19 : }
20 :
21 : /// Serialize and write metrics to an HTTP endpoint
22 0 : #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(metrics_total = %metrics.len()))]
23 : pub(super) async fn upload_metrics_http(
24 : client: &reqwest::Client,
25 : metric_collection_endpoint: &reqwest::Url,
26 : cancel: &CancellationToken,
27 : metrics: &[RawMetric],
28 : cached_metrics: &mut Cache,
29 : idempotency_keys: &[IdempotencyKey<'_>],
30 : ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
31 : let mut uploaded = 0;
32 : let mut failed = 0;
33 :
34 : let started_at = std::time::Instant::now();
35 :
36 : let mut iter = serialize_in_chunks(CHUNK_SIZE, metrics, idempotency_keys);
37 :
38 : while let Some(res) = iter.next() {
39 : let (chunk, body) = res?;
40 :
41 : let event_bytes = body.len();
42 :
43 : let is_last = iter.len() == 0;
44 :
45 : let res = upload(client, metric_collection_endpoint, body, cancel, is_last)
46 : .instrument(tracing::info_span!(
47 : "upload",
48 : %event_bytes,
49 : uploaded,
50 : total = metrics.len(),
51 : ))
52 : .await;
53 :
54 : match res {
55 : Ok(()) => {
56 : for (curr_key, curr_val) in chunk {
57 : cached_metrics.insert(*curr_key, *curr_val);
58 : }
59 : uploaded += chunk.len();
60 : }
61 : Err(_) => {
62 : // failure(s) have already been logged
63 : //
64 : // however this is an inconsistency: if we crash here, we will start with the
65 : // values as uploaded. in practice, the rejections no longer happen.
66 : failed += chunk.len();
67 : }
68 : }
69 : }
70 :
71 : let elapsed = started_at.elapsed();
72 :
73 : tracing::info!(
74 : uploaded,
75 : failed,
76 : elapsed_ms = elapsed.as_millis(),
77 : "done sending metrics"
78 : );
79 :
80 : Ok(())
81 : }
82 :
83 : /// Serialize and write metrics to a remote storage object
84 0 : #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(metrics_total = %metrics.len()))]
85 : pub(super) async fn upload_metrics_bucket(
86 : client: &GenericRemoteStorage,
87 : cancel: &CancellationToken,
88 : node_id: &str,
89 : metrics: &[RawMetric],
90 : idempotency_keys: &[IdempotencyKey<'_>],
91 : ) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
92 : if metrics.is_empty() {
93 : // Skip uploads if we have no metrics, so that readers don't have to handle the edge case
94 : // of an empty object.
95 : return Ok(());
96 : }
97 :
98 : // Compose object path
99 : let datetime: DateTime<Utc> = SystemTime::now().into();
100 : let ts_prefix = datetime.format("year=%Y/month=%m/day=%d/%H:%M:%SZ");
101 : let path = RemotePath::from_string(&format!("{ts_prefix}_{node_id}.ndjson.gz"))?;
102 :
103 : // Set up a gzip writer into a buffer
104 : let mut compressed_bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
105 : let compressed_writer = std::io::Cursor::new(&mut compressed_bytes);
106 : let mut gzip_writer = async_compression::tokio::write::GzipEncoder::new(compressed_writer);
107 :
108 : // Serialize and write into compressed buffer
109 : let started_at = std::time::Instant::now();
110 : for res in serialize_in_chunks(CHUNK_SIZE, metrics, idempotency_keys) {
111 : let (_chunk, body) = res?;
112 : gzip_writer.write_all(&body).await?;
113 : }
114 : gzip_writer.flush().await?;
115 : gzip_writer.shutdown().await?;
116 : let compressed_length = compressed_bytes.len();
117 :
118 : // Write to remote storage
119 : client
120 : .upload_storage_object(
121 : futures::stream::once(futures::future::ready(Ok(compressed_bytes.into()))),
122 : compressed_length,
123 : &path,
124 : cancel,
125 : )
126 : .await?;
127 : let elapsed = started_at.elapsed();
128 :
129 : tracing::info!(
130 : compressed_length,
131 : elapsed_ms = elapsed.as_millis(),
132 : "write metrics bucket at {path}",
133 : );
134 :
135 : Ok(())
136 : }
137 :
138 : /// Serializes the input metrics as JSON in chunks of chunk_size. The provided
139 : /// idempotency keys are injected into the corresponding metric events (reused
140 : /// across different metrics sinks), and must have the same length as input.
141 36 : fn serialize_in_chunks<'a>(
142 36 : chunk_size: usize,
143 36 : input: &'a [RawMetric],
144 36 : idempotency_keys: &'a [IdempotencyKey<'a>],
145 36 : ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Result<(&'a [RawMetric], bytes::Bytes), serde_json::Error>> + 'a
146 36 : {
147 : use bytes::BufMut;
148 :
149 36 : assert_eq!(input.len(), idempotency_keys.len());
150 :
151 : struct Iter<'a> {
152 : inner: std::slice::Chunks<'a, RawMetric>,
153 : idempotency_keys: std::slice::Iter<'a, IdempotencyKey<'a>>,
154 : chunk_size: usize,
155 :
156 : // write to a BytesMut so that we can cheaply clone the frozen Bytes for retries
157 : buffer: bytes::BytesMut,
158 : // chunk amount of events are reused to produce the serialized document
159 : scratch: Vec<Event<Ids, Name>>,
160 : }
161 :
162 : impl<'a> Iterator for Iter<'a> {
163 : type Item = Result<(&'a [RawMetric], bytes::Bytes), serde_json::Error>;
164 :
165 132 : fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
166 132 : let chunk = self.inner.next()?;
167 :
168 96 : if self.scratch.is_empty() {
169 36 : // first round: create events with N strings
170 36 : self.scratch.extend(
171 36 : chunk
172 36 : .iter()
173 36 : .zip(&mut self.idempotency_keys)
174 126 : .map(|(raw_metric, key)| raw_metric.as_event(key)),
175 36 : );
176 36 : } else {
177 : // next rounds: update_in_place to reuse allocations
178 60 : assert_eq!(self.scratch.len(), self.chunk_size);
179 60 : itertools::izip!(self.scratch.iter_mut(), chunk, &mut self.idempotency_keys)
180 90 : .for_each(|(slot, raw_metric, key)| raw_metric.update_in_place(slot, key));
181 60 : }
182 :
183 96 : let res = serde_json::to_writer(
184 96 : (&mut self.buffer).writer(),
185 96 : &EventChunk {
186 96 : events: (&self.scratch[..chunk.len()]).into(),
187 96 : },
188 96 : );
189 96 :
190 96 : match res {
191 96 : Ok(()) => Some(Ok((chunk, self.buffer.split().freeze()))),
192 0 : Err(e) => Some(Err(e)),
193 : }
194 132 : }
195 :
196 66 : fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
197 66 : self.inner.size_hint()
198 66 : }
199 : }
200 :
201 : impl<'a> ExactSizeIterator for Iter<'a> {}
202 :
203 36 : let buffer = bytes::BytesMut::new();
204 36 : let inner = input.chunks(chunk_size);
205 36 : let idempotency_keys = idempotency_keys.iter();
206 36 : let scratch = Vec::new();
207 36 :
208 36 : Iter {
209 36 : inner,
210 36 : idempotency_keys,
211 36 : chunk_size,
212 36 : buffer,
213 36 : scratch,
214 36 : }
215 36 : }
216 :
217 : trait RawMetricExt {
218 : fn as_event(&self, key: &IdempotencyKey<'_>) -> Event<Ids, Name>;
219 : fn update_in_place(&self, event: &mut Event<Ids, Name>, key: &IdempotencyKey<'_>);
220 : }
221 :
222 : impl RawMetricExt for RawMetric {
223 126 : fn as_event(&self, key: &IdempotencyKey<'_>) -> Event<Ids, Name> {
224 126 : let MetricsKey {
225 126 : metric,
226 126 : tenant_id,
227 126 : timeline_id,
228 126 : } = self.0;
229 126 :
230 126 : let (kind, value) = self.1;
231 126 :
232 126 : Event {
233 126 : kind,
234 126 : metric,
235 126 : idempotency_key: key.to_string(),
236 126 : value,
237 126 : extra: Ids {
238 126 : tenant_id,
239 126 : timeline_id,
240 126 : },
241 126 : }
242 126 : }
243 :
244 90 : fn update_in_place(&self, event: &mut Event<Ids, Name>, key: &IdempotencyKey<'_>) {
245 : use std::fmt::Write;
246 :
247 : let MetricsKey {
248 90 : metric,
249 90 : tenant_id,
250 90 : timeline_id,
251 90 : } = self.0;
252 90 :
253 90 : let (kind, value) = self.1;
254 90 :
255 90 : *event = Event {
256 90 : kind,
257 90 : metric,
258 90 : idempotency_key: {
259 90 : event.idempotency_key.clear();
260 90 : write!(event.idempotency_key, "{key}").unwrap();
261 90 : std::mem::take(&mut event.idempotency_key)
262 90 : },
263 90 : value,
264 90 : extra: Ids {
265 90 : tenant_id,
266 90 : timeline_id,
267 90 : },
268 90 : };
269 90 : }
270 : }
271 :
272 : pub(crate) trait KeyGen<'a> {
273 : fn generate(&self) -> IdempotencyKey<'a>;
274 : }
275 :
276 : impl<'a> KeyGen<'a> for &'a str {
277 0 : fn generate(&self) -> IdempotencyKey<'a> {
278 0 : IdempotencyKey::generate(self)
279 0 : }
280 : }
281 :
282 : enum UploadError {
283 : Rejected(reqwest::StatusCode),
284 : Reqwest(reqwest::Error),
285 : Cancelled,
286 : }
287 :
288 : impl std::fmt::Debug for UploadError {
289 0 : fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
290 0 : // use same impl because backoff::retry will log this using both
291 0 : std::fmt::Display::fmt(self, f)
292 0 : }
293 : }
294 :
295 : impl std::fmt::Display for UploadError {
296 0 : fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
297 : use UploadError::*;
298 :
299 0 : match self {
300 0 : Rejected(code) => write!(f, "server rejected the metrics with {code}"),
301 0 : Reqwest(e) => write!(f, "request failed: {e}"),
302 0 : Cancelled => write!(f, "cancelled"),
303 : }
304 0 : }
305 : }
306 :
307 : impl UploadError {
308 0 : fn is_reject(&self) -> bool {
309 0 : matches!(self, UploadError::Rejected(_))
310 0 : }
311 : }
312 :
313 : // this is consumed by the test verifiers
314 : static LAST_IN_BATCH: reqwest::header::HeaderName =
315 : reqwest::header::HeaderName::from_static("pageserver-metrics-last-upload-in-batch");
316 :
317 0 : async fn upload(
318 0 : client: &reqwest::Client,
319 0 : metric_collection_endpoint: &reqwest::Url,
320 0 : body: bytes::Bytes,
321 0 : cancel: &CancellationToken,
322 0 : is_last: bool,
323 0 : ) -> Result<(), UploadError> {
324 0 : let warn_after = 3;
325 0 : let max_attempts = 10;
326 :
327 : // this is used only with tests so far
328 0 : let last_value = if is_last { "true" } else { "false" };
329 :
330 0 : let res = utils::backoff::retry(
331 0 : || async {
332 0 : let res = client
333 0 : .post(metric_collection_endpoint.clone())
334 0 : .header(reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE, "application/json")
335 0 : .header(LAST_IN_BATCH.clone(), last_value)
336 0 : .body(body.clone())
337 0 : .send()
338 0 : .await;
339 :
340 0 : let res = res.and_then(|res| res.error_for_status());
341 0 :
342 0 : // 10 redirects are normally allowed, so we don't need worry about 3xx
343 0 : match res {
344 0 : Ok(_response) => Ok(()),
345 0 : Err(e) => {
346 0 : let status = e.status().filter(|s| s.is_client_error());
347 0 : if let Some(status) = status {
348 : // rejection used to be a thing when the server could reject a
349 : // whole batch of metrics if one metric was bad.
350 0 : Err(UploadError::Rejected(status))
351 : } else {
352 0 : Err(UploadError::Reqwest(e))
353 : }
354 : }
355 : }
356 0 : },
357 0 : UploadError::is_reject,
358 0 : warn_after,
359 0 : max_attempts,
360 0 : "upload consumption_metrics",
361 0 : cancel,
362 0 : )
363 0 : .await
364 0 : .ok_or_else(|| UploadError::Cancelled)
365 0 : .and_then(|x| x);
366 :
367 0 : match &res {
368 0 : Ok(_) => {}
369 0 : Err(e) if e.is_reject() => {
370 0 : // permanent errors currently do not get logged by backoff::retry
371 0 : // display alternate has no effect, but keeping it here for easier pattern matching.
372 0 : tracing::error!("failed to upload metrics: {e:#}");
373 : }
374 0 : Err(_) => {
375 0 : // these have been logged already
376 0 : }
377 : }
378 :
379 0 : res
380 0 : }
381 :
382 : #[cfg(test)]
383 : mod tests {
384 : use super::*;
385 : use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
386 : use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
387 :
388 : #[test]
389 6 : fn chunked_serialization() {
390 6 : let examples = metric_samples();
391 6 : assert!(examples.len() > 1);
392 :
393 6 : let now = Utc::now();
394 6 : let idempotency_keys = (0..examples.len())
395 36 : .map(|i| FixedGen::new(now, "1", i as u16).generate())
396 6 : .collect::<Vec<_>>();
397 :
398 : // need to use Event here because serde_json::Value uses default hashmap, not linked
399 : // hashmap
400 192 : #[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
401 : struct EventChunk {
402 : events: Vec<Event<Ids, Name>>,
403 : }
404 :
405 6 : let correct = serialize_in_chunks(examples.len(), &examples, &idempotency_keys)
406 6 : .map(|res| res.unwrap().1)
407 6 : .flat_map(|body| serde_json::from_slice::<EventChunk>(&body).unwrap().events)
408 6 : .collect::<Vec<_>>();
409 :
410 30 : for chunk_size in 1..examples.len() {
411 30 : let actual = serialize_in_chunks(chunk_size, &examples, &idempotency_keys)
412 90 : .map(|res| res.unwrap().1)
413 90 : .flat_map(|body| serde_json::from_slice::<EventChunk>(&body).unwrap().events)
414 30 : .collect::<Vec<_>>();
415 30 :
416 30 : // if these are equal, it means that multi-chunking version works as well
417 30 : assert_eq!(correct, actual);
418 : }
419 6 : }
420 :
421 : #[derive(Clone, Copy)]
422 : struct FixedGen<'a>(chrono::DateTime<chrono::Utc>, &'a str, u16);
423 :
424 : impl<'a> FixedGen<'a> {
425 36 : fn new(now: chrono::DateTime<chrono::Utc>, node_id: &'a str, nonce: u16) -> Self {
426 36 : FixedGen(now, node_id, nonce)
427 36 : }
428 : }
429 :
430 : impl<'a> KeyGen<'a> for FixedGen<'a> {
431 36 : fn generate(&self) -> IdempotencyKey<'a> {
432 36 : IdempotencyKey::for_tests(self.0, self.1, self.2)
433 36 : }
434 : }
435 :
436 12 : static SAMPLES_NOW: Lazy<DateTime<Utc>> = Lazy::new(|| {
437 12 : DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339("2023-09-15T00:00:00.123456789Z")
438 12 : .unwrap()
439 12 : .into()
440 12 : });
441 :
442 : #[test]
443 6 : fn metric_image_stability() {
444 6 : // it is important that these strings stay as they are
445 6 :
446 6 : let examples = [
447 6 : (
448 6 : line!(),
449 6 : r#"{"type":"absolute","time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00.123456789Z","metric":"written_size","idempotency_key":"2023-09-15 00:00:00.123456789 UTC-1-0000","value":0,"tenant_id":"00000000000000000000000000000000","timeline_id":"ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"}"#,
450 6 : ),
451 6 : (
452 6 : line!(),
453 6 : r#"{"type":"incremental","start_time":"2023-09-14T00:00:00.123456789Z","stop_time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00.123456789Z","metric":"written_data_bytes_delta","idempotency_key":"2023-09-15 00:00:00.123456789 UTC-1-0000","value":0,"tenant_id":"00000000000000000000000000000000","timeline_id":"ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"}"#,
454 6 : ),
455 6 : (
456 6 : line!(),
457 6 : r#"{"type":"absolute","time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00.123456789Z","metric":"timeline_logical_size","idempotency_key":"2023-09-15 00:00:00.123456789 UTC-1-0000","value":0,"tenant_id":"00000000000000000000000000000000","timeline_id":"ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff"}"#,
458 6 : ),
459 6 : (
460 6 : line!(),
461 6 : r#"{"type":"absolute","time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00.123456789Z","metric":"remote_storage_size","idempotency_key":"2023-09-15 00:00:00.123456789 UTC-1-0000","value":0,"tenant_id":"00000000000000000000000000000000"}"#,
462 6 : ),
463 6 : (
464 6 : line!(),
465 6 : r#"{"type":"absolute","time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00.123456789Z","metric":"resident_size","idempotency_key":"2023-09-15 00:00:00.123456789 UTC-1-0000","value":0,"tenant_id":"00000000000000000000000000000000"}"#,
466 6 : ),
467 6 : (
468 6 : line!(),
469 6 : r#"{"type":"absolute","time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00.123456789Z","metric":"synthetic_storage_size","idempotency_key":"2023-09-15 00:00:00.123456789 UTC-1-0000","value":1,"tenant_id":"00000000000000000000000000000000"}"#,
470 6 : ),
471 6 : ];
472 6 :
473 6 : let idempotency_key = consumption_metrics::IdempotencyKey::for_tests(*SAMPLES_NOW, "1", 0);
474 6 : let examples = examples.into_iter().zip(metric_samples());
475 :
476 42 : for ((line, expected), (key, (kind, value))) in examples {
477 36 : let e = consumption_metrics::Event {
478 36 : kind,
479 36 : metric: key.metric,
480 36 : idempotency_key: idempotency_key.to_string(),
481 36 : value,
482 36 : extra: Ids {
483 36 : tenant_id: key.tenant_id,
484 36 : timeline_id: key.timeline_id,
485 36 : },
486 36 : };
487 36 : let actual = serde_json::to_string(&e).unwrap();
488 36 : assert_eq!(expected, actual, "example for {kind:?} from line {line}");
489 : }
490 6 : }
491 :
492 12 : fn metric_samples() -> [RawMetric; 6] {
493 12 : let tenant_id = TenantId::from_array([0; 16]);
494 12 : let timeline_id = TimelineId::from_array([0xff; 16]);
495 12 :
496 12 : let before = DateTime::parse_from_rfc3339("2023-09-14T00:00:00.123456789Z")
497 12 : .unwrap()
498 12 : .into();
499 12 : let [now, before] = [*SAMPLES_NOW, before];
500 12 :
501 12 : super::super::metrics::metric_examples(tenant_id, timeline_id, now, before)
502 12 : }
503 : }
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